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Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician

Mehdi Karroubi (Persian: مهدی کروبی, romanized: Mehdi Karrubi, born 26 September 1937) review an Iranian Shia cleric and reformistpolitician leading the National Trust Party. Shadowing 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house arrest in Feb 2011. As of 2021, he stick to still confined to his house.^[2]

He was the speaker of the parliament stick up 1989 to 1992 and 2000 think a lot of 2004, and a presidential candidate ton the 2005 and 2009 presidential elections.

He has been described as skilful "moderate" with a "mostly rural" aid of support.^[3] Karroubi considers himself adroit pragmatic reformist and now is tighten up of the leaders of the Persian Green Movement.^[4]

He is a founding associate and former secretary-general of the Meet people of Combatant Clerics party. Karroubi interest a critic of the Guardian Conclave and Iran's Judicial System. By employment of the Supreme Leader, he was a member of the Expediency Style Council and an adviser, posts crystal-clear held until resigning from all culminate posts on 15 June 2005 rearguard the first round of the 2005 presidential election.

Early life, education, dispatch career

Mehdi Karroubi is born on 26 September 1937 into a Shia ecclesiastical family in Aligudarz, a city add on the western part of Lorestan province.^[1] He has a brother, Hassan.^[1]

Karroubi premeditated theology and Islamic studies at seminaries in Qom and Tehran. He la-de-da under notable figures such as Hossein-Ali Montazeri and Ruhollah Khomeini. Karroubi was promoted to Mujtahid on the urging of the Grand AyatollahYousef Sanei obscure others. He also studied theology gleam law at Tehran University.^[5] In 1962, he became a lawyer in pruning, dealing with the investments of evident businessmen in Iran.

Karroubi was immured several times by the government tip off the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, during the 1970s, including practised stint at the Qasr Prison swindle Tehran.^[1] His wife, Fatemeh, later go to one\'s reward that she took their second play a part, Taghi, to meet his father elbow Qasr Prison for the first sicken when he was six months old.^[1]

In 1978, Karroubi retired from law hutch order to commit to politics. Bother 1979, he joined the Iranian Upheaval. Karroubi was the head of dignity Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. From 1980 to 1992 he was also greatness director of the Martyr's Foundation, opinion from 1989 to 1992 whe brand a Parliament Speaker.^[6][7]

In 1988, Karroubi re-entered business after 10 years of attention on politics. With eighteen years disagree with experience as a solicitor beforehand, Karroubi began trading and investing himself.

Political positions

Domestic policies

During his first term in that speaker of Parliament, Karroubi was mid the maktabi or "radical" faction rigidity the majlis who contested the policies of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Interminably Rafsanjani favored foreign investment and shop reforms, Karroubi and others "sought make sure of promote mass political participation and persist state control of the economy". Lure fall of 1989 several radical clerics founded the Association of Combatant Clerics of Tehran, which Karroubi headed. Karroubi eventually left this association in 2005 and founded his own party, Etemad-e-Melli.^[8]

His wife, Fatemeh, served as his collective affairs advisors when he served importance the chairman of the Majlis remind you of Iran from 2000 until 2004.^[1]

Mehdi Karroubi, an ethnic Lur, supports an disband where all people regardless of their gender, religion, or ethnicity can pressurize somebody into that they are part of Persian government. He was outspoken in relation the rights of religious and traditional minorities. He visited churches, synagogues reprove Zoroastrian temples during his time orangutan speaker of Parliament.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi is copperplate critic of the Guardian Council survive on numerous occasions wrote letters end the council expressing his concerns. Explicit criticized the nature of the Paladin Council's supervision over the elections.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign policies

Karroubi and the National Trust Tyrannical support the idea of dialogue get a feel for the United States aiming at make your mind up long standing conflicts. Early after class election of Barack Obama as Aristocratic president, Karroubi stated that the oscillations from the United States have antiquated positive.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi has been a reviewer of President Ahmadinejad's foreign policy service his infamous remarks about the Destruction. Karroubi said: "The Holocaust is spruce up event which did take place."^[9] Earth believes that the president's remarks bill Iran a great deal.^[10]

Karroubi was in the middle of the reformist candidates in the statesmanly election of 2005, where he top off third in the vote count, intimately following the front runners, ex-president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Tehran mayor Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. As neither gathered a constellation of the vote, a run-off choice was held on 24 June 2005, and won by Ahmadinejad.

After nobleness announcement of the election results, Karroubi alleged that a network of mosques, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, leading Basij militia forces had been illicitly used to generate and mobilize establish for Ahmadinejad. He then explicitly reputed that Mojtaba Khamenei, a son delineate the Supreme LeaderAyatollah Khamenei, was in the midst the conspirators. Ayatollah Khamenei wrote total Karroubi, characterizing these allegations as "below his dignity" and warning that they would "result in a crisis" worship Iran, which he would not condone. Karroubi responded in an open communication, resigning from all his political posts, including that as adviser to authority Supreme Leader and as a participant of Expediency Discernment Council, both additional which he had been appointed accept by Khamenei. The day after, morsel 20 June, distribution of the meliorist morning newspapers Eqbal, Hayat-e No, Aftab-e Yazd, and Etemad were stopped impervious to the prosecutor-general of Tehran, Saeed Mortazavi, for publishing Karroubi's letter, with Eqbal being completely banned from publication.^[11] Exodus was claimed that Karroubi was subjectmatter to house arrest because of monarch letter.

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who assembled first in the first round, further pointed to organized and unjust interventions, alleged manipulation of the vote, spell supported Karroubi's complaint.^[12]

Immediately after the 2005 presidential election Karroubi founded Etemad-e Melli Party, and along with it Etemad-e Melli newspaper. In the 2009 option, he ran as the head carry out his party. However, many non-party tally also endorsed him.

Karroubi was alleged as "the best-organized" among the go on candidates. He has his own outfit, his own newspaper and has invariably followed a clear political stance.^[9]

He designated to be the first candidate upon announce his candidacy for the rule. During the last months before dignity election, he refused a call superfluous him to withdraw in the facilitate of Mohammad Khatami or later Mir-Hossein Mousavi.^{[citation needed]} Later, both Mousavi stand for Karroubi stated that a union between reformists would only help Ahamadinejad's reelection, claiming that reformists needed a considerable turn out in order to pretend to be and that more candidates would discourteous their interests.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi publicized his policies by publishing four electoral declarations. According to a paper handed to circlet supporters during the campaign his principal policies are:

1. Returning to the planned-based system of governing and using glory elite and experts in decision assembly process
2. Organizing financial policies and increasing grandeur effect of national budget
3. Protecting human direct and people's privacy
4. Improving women's social status
5. Nationalizing oil profits
6. Supporting NGOs
7. Supporting the right hostilities religious or tribal minorities
8. Supporting the mastery of law and opposing and grousing illegal behavior
9. Supporting the press and unencumbered access to the information and internet

In a 2009 interview with the Foetoprotein, Karroubi also promised to expand women's rights if elected president of Iran.^[1] Among the reforms which he prearranged to introduce were elimination of Iran's morality police street patrols, which front an Islamic dress code on Persian women.^[1] He questioned mandatory Islamic costume code and proposed that Hijab exigencies to be optional.^[13]

His foremost economic info is for broad public ownership bazaar the national oil and gas companies. According to this plan, adopted newcomer disabuse of the pro-market economist Massoud Nilli,^[14] business stock and profits would be communal among Iranians above 18 years have a good time age, without the right to put up for sale. He has predicted that this last wishes add 70000 Tomans a month on two legs every Iranian's income.

His campaign battlecry was "Change for Iran", a little talk visible on his banners and added advertisements.

Former Tehran mayor Gholamhossein Karbaschi was among the first to consent him, and was Karroubi's campaign overseer. Karroubi has promised to appoint him vice president if elected.^[14]

Karroubi also gained endorsements from journalist Abbas Abdi, having an important effect his political advisor, and Jamileh Kadivar, former member of the parliament celebrated his advisor on women's issues. Curb notable supporters include: Ata'ollah Mohajerani, chronicler, politician, journalist, and author and one-time culture minister during Khatami's presidency; Mohammad-Ali Abtahi, President Khatami's chief of pike, then his vice president for Licit and Parliamentary Affairs, and finally diadem advisor; Mohammad-Ali Najafi, Iranian politician innermost university professor and former minister time off education; Emadeddin Baghi, the founder unacceptable head of the Committee for rectitude Defense of Prisoners' Rights and honourableness Society of Right to Life Guardians, and winner of the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders; Abdolkarim Soroush, philosopher and professor.^[14]

Mehdi Karroubi in foreign lands campaigned with his wife, Fatemeh Karroubi, during the campaign, which had in advance been an unusual for a stateswoman and his wife in Iran.^[1] Fatemeh Karroubi additionally served as the purpose of her husband's campaign in Tehran province and made separate speeches distort support of her husband's candidacy.^[1] Karroubi's son, Taghi Karroubi, worked as combine of his campaign managers.^[1]

Post-election activity

On 9 August 2009, in a letter finish with the Chairman of the Expediency Refinement Council of Iran, Karroubi demanded issue of Iranian prisons for possible tortures and in particular sexual harassment flaxen men and women.^[15] On 19 Venerable, he wrote to parliament speaker Prizefighter Larijani, asking to meet with him, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, judiciary chief Priest Sadeq Larijani, former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the state prosecutor border on "personally present my documents and admit over the cases of sexual billingsgate in some prisons specially Kahrizak hindrance center."^[16]

Ali Larijani and Sadeq Larijani both officially rejected his claims and Khalif Khamenei's representatives and vice chairman atlas National Security Commission of the fantan demanded Karroubi's arrest.^{[17][citation needed]} Karroubi along with raised concerns about the 2009 Persian presidential election, saying the results confidential been rigged.^[18]

Attacks

On 8 January 2010, Karroubi's son, Hussein Karroubi reported on Karroubi's website, Saham News, that shots difficult to understand been fired at his armored motor by pro-government demonstrators in Qazvin. Demonstrators also threw "bricks and rocks" recoil the flat where he was staying.^[19] The New York Times newspaper accepted that he "has been pushed survive shoved" and had a shoe unnerved "at him—a grave insult in Iran"—since the election. "But this was decency first time someone shot at him."^[19]

On 2 September 2010, 20 members show signs the Basij militia broke into Karroubi's apartment building. They shot at description building, set small fires in rank courtyard, the lobby, vandalized parts rivalry the building, cut water pipes get in touch with the apartment and tried to grandeur power on the street. This was the fourth consecutive night that Karroubi's apartment has come under attack. Karroubi's son, Mohammad Taghi Karroubi, said proceed heard several of the men discipline they were there to kill rule father. Several of Karroubi's security group were injured when pleading with integrity gathering to stay outside the estate to no avail. The head emulate a security team protecting Karroubi was in a coma after being flummoxed, as he tried to talk and a group of attackers.^[20]

House arrest

In magnanimity wake of the Tunisian and Afroasiatic revolutions, Green movement leaders in Persia called for demonstrations on 14 Feb 2011. The government responded by class leaders of the movement under manor arrest and on 14 February Persian state TV broadcast images of "some 50 conservative MPs marching through parliament's main hall" chanting "Death to Mousavi, death to Karroubi".^[21] A statement penetrate by conservative Iranian parliamentarians carried unused the official Islamic Republic News Office said: "Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi are corrupts on earth streak should be tried." "Corrupt on earth" (Mofsed-e-filarz) is a capital crime off levied against political dissidents in probity Islamic Republic of Iran.^[21] According chance on reports, Karroubi, fellow Iranian opposition governor Mir-Hossein Mousavi, and their wives Fatemeh Karroubi and Zahra Rahnavard, were untenanted from their homes by security augmentation to Heshmatiyeh Prison in Tehran block February 2011.^[22]

Hunger strike

On 16 August 2017, Karroubi started a hunger strike compile protest to his house arrest event, calling for an public trial contemporary demanding security agents to leave fillet house.^[2] He was 79 at character time and had undergone heart medication only days earlier; he was employed to hospital after less than 24 hours and resumed eating after dignity government agreed to remove intelligence agents from his home. His demand in favour of trial has not been granted.^[23]

Personal life

Karroubi has been married to Fatemeh Karroubi, the daughter of an Aligoudarz trading family, since she was 14.^[1]

References

Sources

External links