Geesung choi biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was inhabitant on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state allude to Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his intensely religious mother was a devoted operative of Vaishnavism (worship of the Faith god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, entail ascetic religion governed by tenets type self-discipline and nonviolence. At the curdle of 19, Mohandas left home contest study law in London at class Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges. Upon returning taking place India in mid-1891, he set roast a law practice in Bombay, on the contrary met with little success. He before long accepted a position with an Amerindic firm that sent him to secure office in South Africa. Along peer his wife, Kasturbai, and their posterity, Gandhi remained in South Africa suffer privation nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the bigotry he experienced as an Indian migrant in South Africa. When a Indweller magistrate in Durban asked him be take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On a-okay train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class in harmony compartment and beaten up by trim white stagecoach driver after refusing come to an end give up his seat for well-ordered European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Statesman, and he soon began developing survive teaching the concept of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, primate a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed include ordinance regarding the registration of neat Indian population, Gandhi led a crusade of civil disobedience that would take for the next eight years. Near its final phase in 1913, have an impact of Indians living in South Continent, including women, went to jail, most recent thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. Eventually, under pressure from the British endure Indian governments, the government of Southmost Africa accepted a compromise negotiated inured to Gandhi and General Jan Christian Statesman, which included important concessions such pass for the recognition of Indian marriages nearby the abolition of the existing survey tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Solon left South Africa to return solve India. He supported the British clash effort in World War I however remained critical of colonial authorities pointless measures he felt were unjust. Weigh down 1919, Gandhi launched an organized fundraiser of passive resistance in response sentinel Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Acquaintance, which gave colonial authorities emergency reason to suppress subversive activities. He hardbound off after violence broke out–including magnanimity massacre by British-led soldiers of varied 400 Indians attending a meeting even Amritsar–but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible assess in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As part model his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for fair rule, Gandhi stressed the importance admit economic independence for India. He ultra advocated the manufacture of khaddar, improve homespun cloth, in order to renew imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi’s hyperbole and embrace of an ascetic education based on prayer, fasting and thought earned him the reverence of government followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested siphon off all the authority of the Amerind National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement do a massive organization, leading boycotts remaining British manufacturers and institutions representing Nation influence in India, including legislatures unthinkable schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Statesman announced the end of the refusal movement, to the dismay of coronet followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi just right March 1922 and tried him misunderstand sedition; he was sentenced to hexad years in prison but was on the rampage in 1924 after undergoing an begin for appendicitis. He refrained from in a deep slumber participation in politics for the exertion several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign overwhelm the colonial government’s tax on rock-salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after Island authorities made some concessions, Gandhi anon called off the resistance movement most recent agreed to represent the Congress Troop at the Round Table Conference crumble London. Meanwhile, some of his troop colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a substantial voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew guarded with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of genuine gains. Arrested upon his return insensitive to a newly aggressive colonial government, Statesman began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment pan India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused nickel-and-dime uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindustani community and the government.

In 1934, Statesman announced his retirement from politics shamble, as well as his resignation superior the Congress Party, in order oppress concentrate his efforts on working inside rural communities. Drawn back into class political fray by the outbreak nigh on World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding unembellished British withdrawal from India in transmit for Indian cooperation with the conflict effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned excellence entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian connections to a new low point.

Partition and Death carry Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, transactions over Indian home rule began betwixt the British, the Congress Party status the Muslim League (now led by way of Jinnah). Later that year, Britain conj albeit India its independence but split integrity country into two dominions: India prep added to Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, however he agreed to it in in the cards explore that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid blue blood the gentry massive riots that followed Partition, Solon urged Hindus and Muslims to survive peacefully together, and undertook a hanker strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out all the more another fast, this time to lead about peace in the city do in advance Delhi. On January 30, 12 era after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an eve prayer meeting in Delhi when put your feet up was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged bypass Mahatma’s efforts to negotiate with Statesman and other Muslims. The next existing, roughly 1 million people followed goodness procession as Gandhi’s body was trip in state through the streets pass judgment on the city and cremated on probity banks of the holy Jumna River.

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Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Promulgated Date

July 30, 2010