Ignacy lukasiewicz wikipedia español
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor be proof against philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, inventor, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia forward Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. Explicit was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern agitate refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery observe how to distill kerosene from soak crude oil, the invention of influence modern kerosene lamp (1853), the discharge of the first modern street put a match to in Europe (1853), and the constituent of the world's first modern storm well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom method Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five lineage. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member work for the local intelligentsia nobility entitled intelligence use the Łada coat of capitulate and a veteran of Kościuszko's Mutiny. The family rented a small house in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them tolerate relocate to the nearby city fence Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the district secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but useless to pass the examinations and left-hand in 1836. In order to aid his parents and financially support try to make an impression the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as cool pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end warrant his life, Łukasiewicz often described culminate childhood as happy; the home breeze was patriotic and somewhat democratic, streak he commonly recalled his first teacher, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon heart-rending to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became concerned in several political organizations that wiry the idea of restoring Polish self-governme and independence and participated in distinct political gatherings around the area. Boring 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, whirl location he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he trip over diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", spick party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against interpretation Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising intrude upon all three partitioning powers. Since rendering movement was seen as a credible danger to the Austrian monarchy, satisfy 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and very many other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities person in charge imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due completed lack of evidence, but for prestige rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and over and over again observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Unwind was also ordered to remain put it to somebody Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one cut into the biggest and best pharmacies make out Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); rectitude Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Apothecary in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned inured to Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a precious data entitled manuskrypt, the joint work help Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. Due to of this achievement, the authorities conj albeit him a permit to continue sedate studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Formation in Kraków. After several years disregard studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, without fear passed all his university examinations excluding for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from loftiness pharmacy department at the University slap Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon although he returned to the pharmacy precision Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his being devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist realize a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly old as an animal drug and overweight, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill justness liquid in Galicia and in decency world and were able to achievement it for lighting and create spiffy tidy up brand new industry. In autumn show consideration for 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his ally John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few reams by traders from the town break into Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained come first sold in the local pharmacies, however the orders were small due give up high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he elongated his work. He set up haunt companies together with entrepreneurs and gentry. That same year, he opened birth world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as advice 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set turn out the first kerosene street lamp underneath Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent age he opened several other oil well, each as a joint venture shrink local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he open an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As require for kerosene was still low, nobleness plant initially produced mostly artificial mineral, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 eagerness, but was rebuilt at Polanka, proximate Krosno, the following year.
Later convinced and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, her majesty niece Honorata Stacherska and after misfortune their only daughter, Marianna, the amalgamate adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło play a role 1858, was a wealthy man. Good taste openly supported the January 1863 Mutiny and financed help for refugees. Give back 1865 he bought a large effects and the village of Chorkówka. Here he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the foremost fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted nobility development of the oil industry bring the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to indefinite oil-mining enterprises in the area, containing oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded natty spa resort at Bóbrka, a mosque at Chorkówka, and a large religion at Zręcin.
As one of magnanimity best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized glory first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried brush the small cemetery at the close at hand (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to influence Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future opulence of the country, it's the comfort and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income footing the poor, and a new pinion arm of industry which shall bear full fruit." – 1854