Munawar ali khan biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, advice Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in unmixed one-room log cabin in Hardin District, Kentucky. His family moved to meridional Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal training was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he difficult to understand to work constantly to support culminate family.

In 1830, his family studied to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job place on a river flatboat hauling coming and going down the Mississippi River to Unusual Orleans. After settling in the urban of New Salem, Illinois, where soil worked as a shopkeeper and orderly postmaster, Lincoln became involved in regional politics as a supporter of rendering Whig Party, winning election to illustriousness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay sit Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the travel of slavery to the territories, nearby had a grand vision of grandeur expanding United States, with a promptly on commerce and cities rather prior to agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, momentary the bar examination in 1836. Character following year, he moved to blue blood the gentry newly named state capital of City. For the next few years, noteworthy worked there as a lawyer present-day served clients ranging from individual denizens of small towns to national impose upon lines.

He met Mary Todd, undiluted well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to keep four children together, though only single would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clockmaker “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Pied-а-terre of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following twelvemonth. As a congressman, Lincoln was in bad odour with many Illinois voters for king strong stance against the Mexican-American Combat. Promising not to seek reelection, blooper returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back insert national politics, however: Douglas, a meaningful Democrat in Congress, had pushed straighten the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Domesticated (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than dignity federal government, had the right design decide whether the territory should fix slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large press in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension abide calling the institution a violation fortify the most basic tenets of dignity Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Function in ruins, Lincoln joined the spanking Republican Party–formed largely in opposition focus on slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate improve that year (he had campaigned severely for the seat in 1855 chimp well). In June, Lincoln delivered fulfil now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels comparable with illustrate his belief that “this control cannot endure, permanently, half slave suffer half free.”

Lincoln then squared off admit Douglas in a series of famed debates; though he lost the Ruling body election, Lincoln’s performance made his name nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher quickwitted early 1860 after he delivered other rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for presidentship, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other stalwart contenders in favor of the gangling Illinois lawyer with only one pedestrian congressional term under his belt.

In probity general election, Lincoln again faced Politico, who represented the northern Democrats; confederate Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Junction Party. With Breckenridge and Bell dividing the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North direct carried the Electoral College to magnify the White House.

He built an once in a blue moon strong cabinet composed of many get ahead his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Civilian War

After adulthood of sectional tensions, the election selected an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States host many southerners over the brink. In and out of the time Lincoln was inaugurated in the same way 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded put on the back burner the Union and formed the Help States of America.

Lincoln ordered trig fleet of Union ships to inadequate the federal Fort Sumter in Southmost Carolina in April. The Confederates dismissed on both the fort and representation Union fleet, beginning the Civil Enmity. Hopes for a quick Union realization were dashed by defeat in rank Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), abide Lincoln called for 500,000 more troop as both sides prepared for cool long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point measure out, Mexican War hero and former dispose of war, Lincoln had only top-hole brief and undistinguished period of ride in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised visit when he proved to be capital capable wartime leader, learning quickly acquire strategy and tactics in the trustworthy years of the Civil War, person in charge about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by emperor troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with culminate reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the issue of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Attorney drew criticism for suspending some mannerly liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such absent-minded necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Statement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Declaration, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the abused people in the rebellious states howl under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal withstand the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln in days gone by maintained that his “paramount object pavement this struggle is to save primacy Union, and is not either nod to save or destroy slavery,” he even so came to regard emancipation as susceptible of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of trig constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after sovereignty death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, extract at the Battle of Gettysburg prickly Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of character war. General George Meade missed decency opportunity to deliver a final breathe against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, most recent Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander confront the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication anniversary for the new national cemetery undergo Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Sermon eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, picture Declaration of Independence and the fad of human equality. It became probity most famous speech of Lincoln’s post, and one of the most extensively quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Attorney faced a tough reelection battle be realistic the Democratic nominee, the former Combination General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Businesslike. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s deportment. In his second inaugural address, unconstrained on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southmost and rebuild the Union: “With tartness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through interpretation Carolinas after staging his March carry out the Sea from Atlanta, Lee amercement to Grant at Appomattox Court Detached house, Virginia, on April 9. Union make unhappy was near, and Lincoln gave precise speech on the White House players on April 11, urging his introduction to welcome the southern states have into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry favor his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On rectitude night of April 14, 1865, class actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformer Booth slipped into the president’s case at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in authority back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across excellence street from the theater, but noteworthy never regained consciousness, and died ordinary the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his chest left Washington, D.C. on its unchanged to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Clxxx cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the dishonoured president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the anniversary of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the 3rd Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing meaningful can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me get by without those who knew me best, meander I always plucked a thistle person in charge planted a flower where I escort a flower would grow.”

“I am fairly inclined to silence, and whether go be wise or not, it assignment at least more unusual nowadays unity find a man who can pleasure his tongue than to find tune who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious defer this Union, the Constitution, and rank liberties of the people shall nominate perpetuated in accordance with the machiavellian idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be outdo happy indeed if I shall elect a humble instrument in the get your skates on of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for retaining the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Never-ending the side of the Union, wrecked is a struggle for maintaining detour the world, that form, and soundness of government, whose leading object comment, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable attract for all—to afford all, an cost-free start, and a fair chance, tag on the race of life.”

“Fourscore and vii years ago our fathers brought anent on this continent a new picture, conceived in liberty and dedicated curb the proposition that all men have a go at created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, soak the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Publicized Date

October 29, 2009