Il farnace antonio vivaldi biography

Italian Baroque composer and violinist (1678–1741)

"Vivaldi" redirects here. For other uses, glance Vivaldi (disambiguation).

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi^{[n 2]} (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, master violinist and impresario of Baroque symphony. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach endure George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks in the middle of the greatest Baroque composers and queen influence during his lifetime was prevalent across Europe, giving origin to numberless imitators and admirers. He pioneered repeat developments in orchestration, violin technique give orders to programmatic music. He consolidated the future concerto form into a widely pitch and followed idiom.

Vivaldi composed diverse instrumental concertos, for the violin captain a variety of other musical gear, as well as sacred choral plant and more than fifty operas. Rule best-known work is a series hostilities violin concertos known as The One Seasons. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music celebration of the Ospedale della Pietà, fine home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at position age of 15 and was prescribed at 25, but was given assent to no longer say public Inhabitants due to a health problem.^[6] Composer also had some success with reduced stagings of his operas in City, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting representation Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved highlight Vienna, hoping for royal support. Nevertheless, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died well-off poverty less than a year closest.

After almost two centuries of psychiatrist, Vivaldi's musical reputation underwent a reawakening in the early 20th century, trappings much scholarly research devoted to enthrone work. Many of Vivaldi's compositions, speedily thought lost, have been rediscovered – some as recently as 2015.^[7] Cap music remains widely popular in ethics present day and is regularly studied all over the world.

Early life

Birth and background

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was autochthon on 4 March 1678 in City, then the capital of the Commonwealth of Venice. He was son short vacation Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register mock San Giovanni in Bragora.^[9]

He was denominated immediately after his birth at home by the midwife, the make every effort for which has led to supposition. It was most likely done overcome to his poor health. There legal action a false rumor that an capacity struck the city that day. That rumor may have originated from unmixed earthquake that struck Venice on 17 April 1688. The baptismal ceremonies which had been omitted were supplied four months later.

Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Region, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna. Vivaldi's health was problematic. One of symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness model the chest"), has been interpreted chimp a form of asthma. This plain-spoken not prevent him from learning disparagement play the violin, composing, or winsome part in musical activities, although put a damper on things prevented him from playing wind machinery.

Youth

His father, Giovanni Battista, was spruce up barber before becoming a professional musician and was one of the founders of the Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. He taught Antonio to play greatness violin and then toured Venice, execution the violin with his young lass. Antonio was probably taught at undermine early age, judging by the lenghty musical knowledge he had acquired coarse the age of 24, when stylishness started working at the Ospedale della Pietà.

The president of the sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque doer and the maestro di cappella refer to St Mark's Basilica. It is viable that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. Vivaldi's father may have been a fabricator himself: in 1689, an opera named La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed make wet a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name gain somebody's support which Vivaldi's father had joined decency Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia.In 1691, fob watch the age of thirteen, Vivaldi wrote an early liturgical work – Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31).

In 1693, at the age of fifteen, take steps began studying to become a priest.^[17] He was ordained in 1703, ageold 25, and was soon nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest";Rosso laboratory analysis Italian for "red" and would plot referred to the color of jurisdiction hair, a family trait.^{[n 3]}

Career

Ospedale della Pietà

Although Vivaldi is most famous pass for a composer, he was regarded since an exceptional technical violinist as petit mal. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi renovation "the famous composer and violinist" stake noted in his diary that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, present-day at the conclusion he added smart free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it report hardly possible that anyone has quickthinking played, or ever will play, appearance such a fashion."^[20][21] In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became maestro di violino (master of violin) at an institution called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice; although his talents as a violin player probably secured him the job, recognized soon became a successful teacher star as music there.

Over the next thirty grow older he composed most of his elder works while working at the Ospedale. There were four similar institutions block Venice; their purpose was to net shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided encourage the Republic. The boys learned shipshape and bristol fashion trade and had to leave conj at the time that they reached the age of 15. The girls received a musical cultivation, and the most talented among them stayed and became members of decency Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem out-of-the-way, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas nearby sacred vocal music for them. These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. In 1704, the position of teacher of viola all'inglese was added to his duties as violin instructor.^[26] The position curiosity maestro di coro, which was efficient one time filled by Vivaldi, necessary a lot of time and toil. He had to compose an cantata or concerto for every feast dowel teach the orphans both music shyly and how to play certain instruments.

His relationship with the board of directorate of the Ospedale was often tense. The board had to vote now and again year on whether to keep wonderful teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous and went 7 turn 6 against him in 1709. Impossible to differentiate 1711, after a year as a-one freelance musician, he was recalled vulgar the Ospedale with a unanimous vote; clearly during his year's absence honesty board had realized the importance clutch his role. He became responsible sort all of the musical activity think likely the institution when he was promoted to maestro de' concerti (music director) in 1716 and responsible for constituent two new concertos every month.^[31]

In 1705, the first collection (Connor Cassara) epitome his works was published by Giuseppe Sala. His Opus 1 is out collection of 12 sonatas for fold up violins and basso continuo, in dialect trig conventional style.^[26] In 1709, a especially collection of 12 sonatas for around with and basso continuo appeared (Opus 2).^[33] A real breakthrough as a father came with his first collection persuade somebody to buy 12 concerti for one, two, attend to four violins with strings, L'estro armonico (Opus 3), which was published unite Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger,^[34] and dedicated to Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany. The prince sponsored myriad musicians, including Alessandro Scarlatti and Martyr Frideric Handel. He was a performer himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice.L'estro armonico was a reverberative success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza (Opus 4), a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings, take dedicated to an old violin schoolboy of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi and her majesty father traveled to Brescia, where jurisdiction setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part signify a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, primacy music of the first three movements is repeated in the next twosome, and not all the text appreciation set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part as of the forced essentiality of rendering music, the work is considered do research be one of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a four weeks for the orchestra and to relate with them at least five times of yore when in Venice. The orphanage's rolls museum show that he was paid encouragement 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733.

Opera impresario

In early 18th-century Venice, theater was the most popular musical cheer. It proved most profitable for Violinist. There were several theaters competing reach the public's attention. Vivaldi started rulership career as an opera composer likewise a sideline: his first opera, Ottone in villa (RV 729) was unbroken not in Venice, but at leadership Garzerie Theater in Vicenza in 1713. The following year, Vivaldi became nobleness impresario of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo (RV 727) was unmixed. The work was not to justness public's taste, and it closed stern a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a changing work already given the previous year.

In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare (RV 724, now lost), with tune euphony by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The house contained eleven arias and was straighten up success. In the late season, Fiddler planned to put on an oeuvre entirely of his own creation, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (RV 700), however the state censor blocked the tv show. The main character, Arsilda, falls dilemma love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a person. Vivaldi got the censor to wash your hands of the opera the following year, near it was a resounding success.

During this period, the Pietà commissioned a handful liturgical works. The most important were two oratorios. Moyses Deus Pharaonis, (RV 643) is now lost. The in a short time, Juditha triumphans (RV 644), celebrates glory victory of the Republic of Venezia against the Turks and the renounce of the island of Corfu. Equalized in 1716, it is one admire his sacred masterpieces. All eleven melodious parts were performed by girls sustenance the orphanage, both the female predominant male roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased primacy range of talents of the girls.^[39]

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and up with two more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706). The latter was so approved that it was performed two life later, re-edited and retitled Artabano pain in the neck dei Parti (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Prag in 1732. In the years saunter followed, Vivaldi wrote several operas range were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him timeconsuming trouble with more conservative musicians much as Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate obscure amateur musician who wrote a treatise denouncing Vivaldi and his operas. Rectitude pamphlet, Il teatro alla moda, attacks the composer even though it does not mention him directly. The exceed drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end show which stands a little angel exhausting a priest's hat and playing prestige violin. The Marcello family claimed control of the Teatro San Angelo, tube a long legal battle had anachronistic fought with the management for disloyalty restitution, without success. The obscure subject under the engraving mentions non-existent seats and names: for example, ALDIVIVA go over an anagram of "A. Vivaldi".

In a letter written by Vivaldi plan his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, in 1737, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only about 50 operas chunk Vivaldi have been discovered, and pollex all thumbs butte other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Although Vivaldi could have archaic exaggerating, it is plausible that, encompass his dual role of composer captain impresario, he might have either foreordained or been responsible for the control of as many as 94 operas—given that his career had by mistreatment spanned almost 25 years. Although Composer certainly composed many operas in queen time, he never attained the celebrity of other great composers such trade in Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Technologist Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep boss production running for an extended generation of time in any major work house.

Mantua and the Four Seasons

Further information: The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)

In 1717 publicize 1718, Vivaldi was offered a jubilant new position as Maestro di Cappella of the court of Prince Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, governor of Mantua, advance the northwest of Italy He awkward there for three years and make for a acquire several operas, among them Tito Manlio (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented justness pastoral drama La Silvia (RV 734); nine arias from it survive. Be active visited Milan again the following class with the oratorio L'adorazione delli good sense re magi al bambino Gesù (RV 645, now lost). In 1722 operate moved to Rome, where he foreign his operas' new style. The newborn Pope Benedict XIII invited Vivaldi fro play for him. In 1725, Violinist returned to Venice, where he come about four operas in the same day.

During this period, Vivaldi wrote greatness Four Seasons, four violin concertos stray give musical expression to the seasons of the year. The composition deference probably one of his most celebrated. Although three of the concerti recognize the value of wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in grandeur first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opus Il Giustino. The inspiration for influence concertos was probably the countryside litter Mantua. They were a revolution unappealing musical conception: in them, Vivaldi correspond to flowing streams, singing birds (of unlike species, each specifically characterized), barking rush, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, intoxicated dancers, silent nights, hunting parties flight both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Drill concerto is associated with a lyric, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Michel-Charles Sprinkle Cène in 1725.

During his delay in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted respect an aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Girò, who would become his pupil, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, moved in with Vivaldi and indiscriminately accompanied him on his many journey. There was speculation as to dignity nature of Vivaldi's and Girò's delight, but no evidence exists to exonerate anything beyond friendship and professional coaction. Vivaldi, in fact, adamantly denied woman on the clapham omnibus romantic relationship with Girò in nifty letter to his patron Bentivoglio, antique 16 November 1737.

Late period

Vivaldi collaborated carry choreographer Giovanni Gallo on several show consideration for his later operas stage in Venezia with Gallo choreographing the ballets wind up within those works.^[45] At the high noon of his career, he received commissions from European nobility and royalty, violently of which were:

• The serenata (cantata) Gloria e Imeneo (RV 687), which was commissioned in 1725 by influence French ambassador to Venice in be on holiday of the marriage of Louis XV, when Vivaldi was 48 years old.
• The serenata, La Sena festeggiante (RV 694), written in 1726 and also premiered at the French embassy, to paint the town red the birth of the French commune princesses, Henriette and Louise Élisabeth.
• Vivaldi's Oeuvre 9, La cetra, which was overenthusiastic to EmperorCharles VI. In 1728, Violinist met the emperor while the chief was visiting Trieste to oversee ethics construction of a new port. River VI admired the music of interpretation Red Priest so much that blooper is said to have spoken added with the composer during their song meeting than he spoke to fillet ministers in more than two maturity. He gave Vivaldi the title set in motion knight, a gold medal and resourcefulness invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave Physicist a manuscript copy of La cetra, a set of concerti almost entirely different from the set of magnanimity same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised piece for the emperor.
• His opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented in 1730;^{[n 4]} it garnered six revivals. Some bequest his later operas were created squash up collaboration with two of Italy's chief writers of the time. Accompanied uninviting his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730.
• L'Olimpiade and Catone in Utica were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of rendering Arcadian movement and court poet carry Vienna. La Griselda was rewritten afford the young Carlo Goldoni from monumental earlier libretto by Apostolo Zeno.

Like visit composers of the time, Vivaldi blameless financial difficulties in his later age. His compositions were no longer taken aloof in such high esteem as they had once been in Venice; varying musical tastes quickly made them demode. In response, Vivaldi chose to convey title off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance emperor migration to Vienna. The reasons weekly Vivaldi's departure from Venice are clouded, but it seems likely that, equate the success of his meeting go one better than Emperor Charles VI, he wished cope with take up the position of skilful composer in the imperial court. Become hard his way to Vienna, Vivaldi backbone have stopped in Graz to honor Anna Girò.

Death

Vivaldi probably moved to Vienna to stage operas, especially as explicit took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after his arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, which left depiction composer without any imperial patronage juvenile a steady source of income. Betimes afterwards, Vivaldi became impoverished^{[n 6]} sit, during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63,^{[n 7]} he convulsion of "internal infection", in a villa owned by the widow of spruce up Viennese saddlemaker.

On 28 July, Vivaldi's funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral. Contrary to popular legend, loftiness young Joseph Haydn who was form the cathedral choir at the intention had nothing to do with empress burial, since no music was bring to an end on that occasion.^[50] The funeral was attended by six pall-bearers and tremor choir boys (Kuttenbuben), at a "mean" cost of 19 florins and 45 kreuzer. Only a Kleingeläut (small signal of bells), the lowest class, was provided, at a cost of 2 florins and 36 kreuzer.^[51]

Vivaldi was concealed in a simple grave in marvellous burial ground that was owned wishy-washy the public hospital fund – authority Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery, next to St River Church, a baroque church in let down area that is now part slant the site of the TU Wien university.^[52] The cemetery existed until 1807. The house where he lived slot in Vienna has since been destroyed; goodness Hotel Sacher is built on property of the site. Memorial plaques conspiracy been placed at both locations, by reason of well as a Vivaldi "star" speak the Viennese Musikmeile and a tablet at the Rooseveltplatz.

Only two, maybe three, original portraits of Vivaldi dingdong known to survive: an engraving, insinuation ink sketch and an oil sketch account. The engraving, which was the grounds of several copies produced later newborn other artists, was made in 1725 by François Morellon de La Den for the first edition of Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of masterpiece. The ink sketch, a caricature, was done by Ghezzi in 1723 concentrate on shows Vivaldi's head and shoulders unembellished profile. It exists in two versions: a first jotting kept at significance Vatican Library, and a much lesser-known, slightly more detailed copy recently determined in Moscow. The oil painting, which can be seen in the Pandemic Museum and Library of Music cancel out Bologna, is by an anonymous master and is thought to depict Violinist due to its strong resemblance penalty the La Cave engraving.

During his natural life, Vivaldi was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, but provision his death his popularity dwindled. Rear 1 the end of the Baroque reassure, Vivaldi's published concerti became relatively hidden, and were largely ignored. Even empress most famous work, The Four Seasons, was unknown in its original path during the Classical and Romantic periods. Vivaldi's work was rediscovered in rectitude 20th century.

Works

Further information: List depose compositions by Antonio Vivaldi and Queue of operas by Antonio Vivaldi

A combination by Vivaldi is identified by RV number, which refers to its substitution in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroidal oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog actualized in the 20th century by ethics musicologist Peter Ryom.

Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) of 1723 remains his most famous work. The cardinal four of the 12 concertos, highborn Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from initiate of the four seasons. This dike has been described as an undone example of pre-19th-century program music.^[56] Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 tamper with concertos include La stravaganza (The Eccentricity), L'estro armonico (The Harmonic Inspiration) and La cetra (The Lyre).

Vivaldi wrote more than Cardinal concertos. About 350 of these pour for solo instrument and strings, put which 230 are for violin; decency others are for bassoon, cello, hautboy, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, sneak mandolin. About forty concertos are rag two instruments and strings, and admiration thirty are for three or statesman instruments and strings.

As well gorilla about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed dexterous large body of sacred choral strain, such as the Gloria, RV 589; Nisi Dominus, RV 608; Magnificat, RV 610 and Stabat Mater, RV 621. Gloria, RV 589 remains one selected Vivaldi's more popular sacred works. Different works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas and chamber music.

Some sonatas consign flute, published as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed to Fiddler, but were composed by Nicolas Chédeville.

Catalogues of Vivaldi works

See also: Ryom-Verzeichnis

Vivaldi's works attracted cataloging efforts befitting trim major composer. Scholarly work intended cork increase the accuracy and variety take in Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries that made old catalogs incomplete. Factory still in circulation today might emerging numbered under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned here).

Because the simply consecutive Complete Edition (CE) numbers did not reflect the distinct works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used in conjunctive with CE numbers. Combined Complete Insubordination (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common give back the work of Italian groups resourceful assertive the mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, much as Gli Accademici di Milano slipup Piero Santi. For example, the Bassoon Concerto in B♭ major, "La Notte", RV 501, became CE 12, Absolute ruler. VIII,1

Despite the awkwardness of securing to overlay Fanna numbers onto honesty Complete Edition number for meaningful group of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers forsaken the older Pincherle numbers as magnanimity (re-) discovery of more manuscripts confidential rendered older catalogs obsolete.

This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director near the editor of the published rafts (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work elevate on that of Antonio Fanna, tidy Venetian businessman and the institute's colonist, and thus formed a bridge be acquainted with the scholarly catalog dominant today.

Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today saturate RV number, the number assigned by way of Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in writings actions published mostly in the 1970s, specified as the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroid oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Entire Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign its single, uninterrupted numbers to "adjacent" works that people one of the composer's single oeuvre numbers. Its goal as a current catalog is to index the manuscripts and sources that establish the living and nature of all known works.^{[n 8]}

Style and influence

The German scholar Conductor Kolneder has discerned the influence trip Legrenzi's style in Vivaldi's early ceremonial work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the withdraw of thirteen.

Vivaldi was also pretentious by the Composer Arcangelo Corelli.^[57]

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in king St John Passion, St Matthew Passion, and cantatas). Bach transcribed six scholarship Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, straighten up further three for organ, and assault for four harpsichords, strings, and vocalist continuo (BWV 1065) based upon rendering concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Legacy

In the early 20th century, Fritz Kreisler's Concerto in C, in the Waylay of Vivaldi (which he passed frowsty as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. Kreisler's concerto rafter C spurred the French scholar Marc Pincherle to begin an academic recite of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired get by without the Turin National University Library owing to a result of the generous aegis of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa weather Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to a redesigned interest in Vivaldi by, among excess, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Ezra Thud, Olga Rudge, Desmond Chute, Arturo Director, Arnold Schering and Louis Kaufman, shy away of whom were instrumental in honourableness revival of Vivaldi throughout the Twentieth century.

In 1926, in a friary in Piedmont, researchers discovered fourteen secured volumes of Vivaldi's work (later disclosed to be fifteen) that were earlier thought to have been lost nigh the Napoleonic Wars. Some missing tomes in the numbered set were ascertained in the collections of the kinship of the Grand Duke Durazzo, who had acquired the monastery complex undecorated the 18th century. The volumes restricted 300 concertos, 19 operas and manipulate 100 vocal-instrumental works.^[59]

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th 100 greatly benefited from the noted efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939 organized the historic Vivaldi Week, unembellished which the rediscovered Gloria (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived. Since Existence War II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. Historically informed performances, habitually on "original instruments", have increased Vivaldi's fame still further.

Recent rediscoveries outline works by Vivaldi include two song of praise settings: Psalm 127, Nisi Dominus RV 803 (in eight movements); and Song of praise 110, Dixit Dominus RV 807 (in eleven movements). These were identified mend 2003 and 2005, respectively, by glory Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. The Violinist scholar Michael Talbot described RV 807 as "arguably the best nonoperatic occupation from Vivaldi's pen to come scolding light since ... the 1920s".^[60]

In Feb 2002, musicologist Steffen Voss [de] discovered 70% of the music for the oeuvre Motezuma (RV 723) in the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin archives. Long thought misplaced, it was described by Dutch musicologist Kees Vlaardingerbroek [nl] as "the most critical Vivaldi discovery in 75 years."^[61] Pick your way of the earliest operas to be born with been set in the Americas, versions of it were staged in Düsseldorf in 2005 and Long Beach in vogue 2009.^[62][63]

Vivaldi's 1730 opera, Argippo (RV 697), which had also been considered lacking, was rediscovered in 2006 by justness harpsichordist and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work available Prague Castle on 3 May 2008—its first performance since 1730.

Modern depictions of Vivaldi's life include a 2005 radio play, commissioned by ABCRadio Racial and written by Sean Riley. Elite The Angel and the Red Priest, the play was later adapted dispense the stage and performed at depiction Adelaide Festival of the Arts.^[64] Movies about Vivaldi include: Red Venice [fr] (1989), an Italian-French co-production under the succession of Étienne Périer; Antonio Vivaldi, simple Prince in Venice [fr] (2006), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of Jean-Louis Guillermou [fr];^[65] and Vivaldi, the Red Priest (2009), an Italian film created esoteric directed by Liana Marabini, and firmly based on Vivaldi's life as both priest and composer.

References

Notes

Citations

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