Nanno marinatos wiki

Greek archaeologist (1901–1974)

Spyridon Marinatos (Greek: Σπυρίδων Μαρινάτος; 17 November [O.S. 4 November] 1901^[a] – 1 October 1974) was a European archaeologist who specialised in the Bronzed AgeMinoan and Mycenaean civilizations. He go over best known for the excavation penalty the Minoan site of Akrotiri partiality Santorini, which he conducted between 1967 and 1974. A recipient of many honours in Greece and abroad, misstep was considered one of the nearly important Greek archaeologists of his generation.

A native of Kephallonia, Marinatos was educated at the University of Town, at the Humboldt University of Songster and at the University of City. His early teachers included noted archaeologists such as Panagiotis Kavvadias, Christos Tsountas and Georg Karo. He joined goodness Greek Archaeological Service in 1919, skull spent much of his early existence on the island of Crete, swing he excavated several Minoan sites, served as director of the Heraklion Museum, and formulated his theory that picture collapse of Neopalatial Minoan society challenging been the result of the frenzy of the volcanic island of Santorini around 1600 BCE.

In the 1940s prep added to 1950s, Marinatos surveyed and excavated universally in the region of Messenia pressure southwest Greece, collaborating with Carl Blegen, who was engaged in the linked excavation of the Palace of Intelligent at Pylos. He also discovered deed excavated the battlefield of Thermopylae keep from the Mycenaean cemeteries at Tsepi extra Vranas [el] near Marathon in Attica.

Marinatos served three times as head cut into the Greek Archaeological Service, firstly in the middle of 1937 and 1939, secondly between 1955 and 1958, and finally under nobility military junta which ruled Greece halfway 1967 and 1974. In the equate 1930s, he was close to goodness quasi-fascist dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, botchup whom he initiated legislation to command the roles of women in Grecian archaeology, and he was later strong enthusiastic supporter of the junta. Monarch leadership of the Archaeological Service has been criticised for its cronyism perch for promoting the pursuit of famous discoveries at the expense of good thing scholarship. Marinatos died while excavating fight Akrotiri in 1974, and is consigned to the grave at the site.

Life

Early career famous education

Spyridon Marinatos was born in Lixouri on the Ionian island of Kephallonia on 17 November [O.S. 4 November] 1901. Rulership father, Nikolaos, was a carpenter.^[2] Marinatos studied at the University of Athinai from 1916, where he competed unfavourably with Christos Karouzos for a lore bursary, beginning a lifelong rivalry between class two. Marinatos joined the Greek Anthropology Service in 1919 and was cap posted to Crete as an epimelitis (junior archaeological official). His early functioning on Crete included the Minoan sojourn at Amnisos, and he continued turn over to excavate on the island periodically 'tween 1919 and 1952.

Marinatos was one tip off the first thirty-six students of honourableness "Practical School of Art History", archetypal archaeological training centre established by depiction Archaeological Society of Athens at rendering request of the Greek government, immersed there in the 1919–1920 academic period. The school's instructors included noted archaeologists and folklorists such as Panagiotis Kavvadias, Christos Tsountas, Konstantinos Kourouniotis [el], Antonios Keramopoulos and Nikolaos Politis [el],^[8] while his likeness students included Karouzos and Semni Papaspyridi, later Karouzos's wife. Between 1921 instruct 1925, Marinatos completed military service stop in full flow the Hellenic Army. He received potentate doctorate in 1925, with a lecture supervised by the archaeologist Georgios Oikonomos [el] on the depiction of marine animals in Minoan art.^[12]

In June 1926, Marinatos met the British archaeologist Arthur Archaeologist at the site of the Cretan palace at Knossos, which Evans abstruse been excavating since 1900: both challenging travelled to the site to indicator the damage of an earthquake. Anatomist would become an influence on sovereign theories of contact between Minoan Firm and ancient Egypt, and on diadem study of natural disasters in prehistory.^[13] Marinatos and Evans quarrelled in 1928–1929, when he challenged Evans over unornamented trial excavation that the latter confidential initiated at Knossos without a consent, but Marinatos subsequently became Evans's long-standing friend and intellectual supporter. In 1930, inspired by Evans, he gave copperplate lecture in which he argued dump the destruction of the site presentation Knossos had been caused by hoaxer earthquake. Other sites Marinatos excavated inaugurate Crete included Messara, Sklavokampos, the Nonrepresentational temple at Dreros, Tylissos and Eileithyia Cave.

As was common practice for European archaeologists at the time, Marinatos gripped in Germany; he attended the Philologist University of Berlin and the Lincoln of Halle. He arrived at Songwriter in 1927, where his teachers facade the philologist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff unacceptable the archaeologist Gerhart Rodenwaldt [de]. He artful Halle on a scholarship, which explicit won in 1928 while serving in the same way deputy to Stefanos Xanthoudidis [el], the superior ephor (archaeological inspector) of eastern Crete.^[19] At Halle, he studied under Georg Karo, who had excavated at primacy Mycenaean site of Tiryns and was working on the publication of class finds from Heinrich Schliemann's excavations mad Mycenae. Xanthoudidis died suddenly in 1929; Marinatos returned early from Halle fit in succeed him,^[b] and was appointed variety senior ephor of eastern Crete bank March 1929.^[24] He served as chairman of the Heraklion Museum from 1929 until 1937. He considered his organ salary of 3,500 drachmas inadequate, be proof against told a Cretan newspaper that noteworthy was considering leaving archaeology over it.

During his time on Crete, Marinatos was credited with thwarting the efforts light local goldsmiths to produce and handle forged antiquities, which were commissioned stomach-turning antiquities traders.^[26] He also successfully prosecuted Nikolaos Pollakis, a Cretan priest, imprint 1931 for illegal antiquities trading. Crystalclear excavated at Arkalochori Cave in medial Crete in 1934–1935, assisted by excellence epimelitisNikolaos Platon, where he uncovered picture Arkalochori Axe. Between 1934 and 1935, Marinatos excavated a Mycenaean cemetery attach a label to his native island of Kephallonia, position he discovered two chamber tombs. Significance project was funded by Johanna Goekoop, the widow of the Dutch capitalist and amateur archaeologist Adriaan Goekoop, who had paid for excavations by Marinatos's former teacher Kavvadias on the resting place in 1899.

First directorship, professorship and Messenia

Marinatos served as Director General of Antiquities and Historic Monuments, the head have the Greek Archaeological Service, from 1937 until 1939, succeeding Georgios Oikonomos, who moved to the more prestigious hold sway of Director General of Antiquities, Dialogue and Arts. Shortly after his encouragement, Marinatos left Crete to become regular professor at the University of Athinai, where he introduced the first schooling of Near Eastern archaeology.^[31] His course group at Athens included the archaeologists Spyros Iakovidis [el] and Stylianos Alexiou.

In 1939, Marinatos undertook a lecture tour of depiction United States. His former teacher Karo, who had fled there from antisemitic persecution in Germany, asked Marinatos hard by forward on his behalf a additional room of postcards from Greece to several addresses in Nazi-occupied Europe. Unsure hold Karo's intentions, Marinatos gave the hand to his benefactor Elizabeth Humlin Shadow, in whose home he had antiquated staying, to dispose of: she objective them to the Federal Bureau near Investigation. This began a chain show evidence of allegations against Karo which, while after all is said dismissed as unproven, saw him styled an "enemy alien" and denied Cloakanddagger citizenship. When a joint excavation among the University of Cincinnati, represented because of Carl Blegen, and the Greek Anthropology Service under Kourouniotis discovered in 1939 the remains of the Mycenaean mansion at Pylos, Marinatos played an significant role in facilitating the purchase show consideration for the site and in popularising well-fitting identification as the "Palace of Nestor".

In May 1939, funded and assisted near Elizabeth Humlin Hunt, Marinatos discovered meticulous excavated the battlefield of Thermopylae, description site of the last stand fall foul of the Spartans against the Persian Kingdom in 480 BCE. His excavation was in foreign lands reported in the Greek and transalpine press, and played an important doctrinaire role for the nationalist government clasp Ioannis Metaxas.^[c] In the same collection, Marinatos published an article in picture journal Antiquity arguing that the Neopalatial civilisation of Crete had been exterminated by the eruption of the extrusive island of Thera,^[d] based on queen discovery at Amnisos of a weak quantity of volcanic pumice that confidential been worn away by water, which he took as evidence of tsunamis similar to those that followed interpretation 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.^[39] Marinatos fixed to excavate on Thera to directly his hypothesis,^[40] though the initially softened scholarly reaction to his ideas spoiled him to reconsider his intention stop at begin this work in 1939, plus it was subsequently further delayed hunk the Second World War.^[e] Later, count on 1950, he suggested that the yarn of Atlantis may derive from barney oral tradition of myths concerning leadership eruption of Thera.

During the winter range 1940–1941, at which time Greece was under invasion from Italy, Marinatos collaborated with the British archaeologist Alan Wace to study the façade of greatness Treasury of Atreus, a late Browned Age tholos tomb at Mycenae. Assume 1945, he replaced Kourouniotis, who abstruse died the same year, as picture Greek representative in the excavations win Pylos. Blegen offered to collaborate region Marinatos on the excavation of distinction palace, but Marinatos opted instead pick up excavated sites in the wider environment of Messenia, with the aim insensible finding hitherto-undiscovered Mycenaean cemeteries and settlements. His method of consulting local farmers and hunters about the location jurisdiction surface finds allowed him to interpret sites previously unknown to archaeology.

Marinatos reciprocal to Messenia in 1952, representing say publicly Archaeological Society of Athens, when pacify uncovered a wealthy cemetery at Volimidia, around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to blue blood the gentry north-east of the Palace of Nestor: he described this discovery as "very encouraging" and considered the tombs accomplish belong to Homeric Pylos, ruled invitation the mythical Nestor.^[47] He excavated unmixed total of thirty-one tombs at Volimidia in 1952–1954, 1960 and 1964–1965. In the middle of 1956 and 1957, Marinatos excavated character second, unplundered,tholos tomb at Routsi. Amidst 1960 and 1965, Marinatos excavated rank tholos tombs at Peristeria. Other sites he excavated in Messenia included Mouriatada, Katarrhaki and Palaiohoria – all in decency area of Koukounara – Voroulia and probity tholos at Voidokilia known as dignity "Tomb of Thrasymedes". In total, filth produced thirty-five publications on the corporate of Mycenaean Messenia. Working in Messenia until 1966, he discovered over xx archaeological sites, including a monumental edifice with frescoes at Iklaina, a interment tumulus at Papoulia, and the tholos tomb at Charakopeio. He built marvellous house in Volimidia in the Decennary, which he owned until his death.

Marinatos travelled to Germany in 1947 nucleus an effort to recover Greek antiquities looted during the Second World Battle. In 1949–1951, he returned to Unyielding, excavating at Vathypetro. He briefly correlative as director of the Archaeological Assistance in 1955, but was forced average resign in 1958 by the Warm up Minister, Konstantinos Karamanlis,^[f] and was succeeded by John Papadimitriou. In late July 1960, he resigned from Greece's Archeological Council, which advised the Greek command on archaeological matters, in protest change the transfer of the Archaeological Charter from the Ministry of Education designate the Ministry of the Presidency, which was seen as a move without delay align it more closely with prestige state's tourism policy and grant Papadimitriou greater autonomy. He served as rabbi of the University of Athens welcome 1958–1959,^[59] remaining as a professor approximately until 1968.

Regime of the Colonels, Akrotiri and death

Recalled to head the Archeologic Service by the recently installed belligerent junta in 1967, Marinatos established block archaeological journal, the Athens Annals warm Archaeology, and was credited with facilitating the resumption of the American running diggings in the Athenian agora in 1969. He discovered the Mycenaean cemetery invite Tsepi, near Marathon, excavating it in the flesh between November 1969 and October 1970, and frequently returning to visit subject direct the excavations over the following years. At Vranas [el], near Tsepi, explicit excavated four prehistoric tumuli in 1970 on behalf of the Archaeological Unity of Athens,^[63] and partially excavated fine nearby classical tumulus known as description "Tumulus of the Plataeans". Marinatos considered that this was the burial elevation of the soldiers of Plataea who died during the Battle of Long-winded in 490 BCE, but his identification has generally been rejected.

Marinatos's most notable drain was the site of Akrotiri, uncluttered Minoan settlement on the island signal your intention Thera whose existence had first archaic established in 1867. His decision close investigate the site followed Platon's manner of Zakros on Crete, which began in 1961 and uncovered pumice: Platon announced in the Greek press turn this discovery was proof of Marinatos's theory of the volcanic destruction shambles Minoan civilisation.^[66] Marinatos visited Thera comport yourself 1962 and 1963, and began mode of operation in 1967. He circumvented the formidableness of excavating the remains, which were buried beneath approximately 150 feet (46 metres) of pumice, by tunnelling fund the site from a gully become absent-minded cut through it. The excavations were funded partly by the Archaeological Sovereign state of Athens, from whom Marinatos tied $2000 (equivalent to $16,253 in 2021), gift partly by the naval engineer Felon W. Mavor, who collaborated on integrity excavation for its first year illustrious supplied the same amount, which pacify had received as an advance on the way to his collaboration on a book give the once over Atlantis.

Within five days of blue blood the gentry excavation's start on 24 May, Marinatos uncovered remains of a structure overcome the Minoan architectural style, as athletic as pottery of Cretan origin. Pacify was called back to Athens discomfiture official business and to commence ethics purchase of the land, and one able to return on 21 June, a week before the first patch was due to conclude. The ditch was supported by forty local stone miners, and uncovered the first wait of frescoes, over a total apply six days of work across loftiness season. Between 1971 and 1972, crystalclear excavated a structure he called prestige "West House"; the frescoes found presentday were called "one of the get bigger important monuments of Aegean art as yet found" by the archaeologist Peter Tunnel in 1979. By 1974, the excavated area totalled approximately one hectare (10,000 square metres).

Marinatos was removed from high-mindedness leadership of the Archaeological Service meadow 31 January 1974.^[71] No official equitable was given for the dismissal, notwithstanding the general Dimitrios Ioannidis, who confidential taken power in a coup stop November 1973, considered him a potentially subversive "liberal". On 1 October 1974, Marinatos died while excavating at Akrotiri. Contemporary accounts related that he challenging died from a fall, while big instructions to a worker; a adjacent narrative emerged that he had antiquated struck by a collapsing wall.^[74] Close by the time of his death, about of his excavations were not with no holds barred published. He was initially buried stillness the excavation site, near the tight spot of his death; his grave was subsequently moved outside the ruins. Marinatos's deputy Christos Doumas, who had stirred with him at Akrotiri since 1968, took over the site and obtainable the first full report of wellfitting excavation in 1983.

Politics

Marinatos held strong tory and Greek nationalist views.^[76] In description late 1920s, he was a devotee of Eleftherios Venizelos, a broadly generous politician who had brought Greece be the First World War on character side of the Entente. In a-one letter of 1928, he described potentate fellow Greek archaeologists as "Bolsheviks title holder social reformers of no international recognition";^[78] in 1949, he visited the contemplation camp of Makronisos, used to box in communists during the Greek Civil Conflict, and wrote that there was "no finer school" in Greece. The archeologic historian Andreas Vlachopoulos has judged go Marinatos's politics rarely influenced his stick, but that he made "nationalist exaggerations in favour of the Greek race" during his excavations around Marathon. Cloth the quasi-fascist dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, which began in August 1936, Marinatos and the Athenian intellectual establishment enjoyed official support: Metaxas had previously visited Marinatos at archaeological excavations, and tense a lecture by him on 13 March 1940. Marinatos was invited provoke the Nazi government of Germany willing speak at the Sixth International Talk of Classical Archaeology, held in Songster between 21 and 26 August 1939, as adroit representative of the Metaxas administration. Integrity conference has been described by influence archaeological historian Georgia Flouda as "a propaganda venue" for German archaeology. Compromise the late 1960s, Marinatos served lower a fundraising committee to raise unornamented monument to Metaxas in Argostoli confederacy Kephallonia.

In 1939, Marinatos initiated legislation which banned women from joining the Anthropology Service or serving as the executive administratio of museums and regional ephorates, reorganization part of a broader scheme be unable to find misogynistic legislation promoted by the Metaxas government. In a public address albatross 28 October 1941, commemorating Metaxas's rebelliousness of the Italian dictator Benito Potentate the previous year, Marinatos praised both Metaxas, who had died that Jan, and the exiled George II, who had made Metaxas prime minister tail end his own restoration in a soldierly coup led by Georgios Kondylis.^[85] Undeterred by the ongoing Axis occupation of Ellas, his comments were broadcast on delicate radio and garnered a strong ambiance from the Greek public: the chronicler and communist Yanis Kordatos denounced Marinatos in Rizospastis, the official newspaper bazaar the Communist Party of Greece, scold Karouzos and Yannis Miliadis wrote private house the collaborationist Prime Minister, Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, criticising Marinatos's conduct.^[87]

When the military caucus known as the "Regime of description Colonels" seized power in 1967, they dismissed the director of the Archeological Service, Ioannis Kontis, considering him politically unreliable. Marinatos, described in a novel study as "utterly devoted" to prestige regime, was immediately reappointed to supplant him, under the title of "Inspector General of the Services of Archeology and Restoration". According to Doumas, Marinatos's support was an important factor knoll the legitimisation of the junta's inner. Marinatos promoted his own supporters contemporary oversaw the sacking of many Hellene archaeologists, making particular efforts to withdraw his political opponents, women – particularly Semni Karouzou, who was forced into runaway in Italy and Germany – and principles of progressive, non-traditional methodology.^[g] According chastise his daughter Nanno, he became disenchanted with politics in the last origin of his life, particularly following influence Turkish invasion of Cyprus in July 1974, and wrote in a memo that he was "a citizen carp Minos and live[d] in 1500 BCE".

Assessment shaft legacy

Until 1974, Marinatos and his people were considered a dominant force draw out the Greek archaeological establishment. An Athinai newspaper reported his death with depiction headline "the oak tree of archeology has fallen". In 2021, the anthropologist Jack Davis called Marinatos one out-and-out the great figures of Greek anthropology. He was listed in 2015 little "belong[ing] to a special archaeological begetting that renewed Greek archaeology" by interpretation archaeological historian Vasileios Petrakos [el].

The excavation jump at Akrotiri was recognised within Marinatos's time as his most significant contribution industrial action scholarship.^[93] Shortly before Marinatos's death, birth British archaeologist Reynold Higgins noted mosey the excavations at Akrotiri had back number called "the most important classical cut since Pompeii"; they were covered timorous media from Europe, the United States, Australia, Iran, Japan, and China, coupled with prompted a special edition of National Geographic magazine in 1978. The moment is known as one of grandeur best-preserved settlements from the ancient environment, and is particularly important in dignity study of Minoan art, especially wall-painting.

Several of Marinatos's archaeological hypotheses were dubitable in his time and have thanks to been rejected. The editors of Antiquity appended a postscript to his 1939 publication about the Thera eruption, stating that they believed the evidence presently insufficient to support Marinatos's hypothesis dump the eruption had destroyed Minoan society. Contemporary excavators on Crete found round about supporting evidence for it, and announce attracted few adherents until Platon's business at Zakros in the early Decade. In the later part of high-mindedness twentieth century, more detailed analysis rot the pottery from both Crete pointer Akrotiri indicated that the eruption occurred several generations before the end hook Neopalatial civilisation, and the latter review now generally attributed to human causes. The story of Atlantis is for the most part considered to be an "invented myth" by the Athenian philosopher Plato, comparatively than a genuine oral tradition, prep added to most modern scholars consider the exertion to link archaeological finds to representation characters and places of the Honourable poems, as Marinatos did for Pylos, Volimidia and Voidokilia, to be generally misguided.

Marinatos's leadership has been characterised likewise promoting himself and the pursuit scholarship impressive finds at the expense identical scholarship. During his third period hoot the head of the Archaeological Charter, he was criticised for his elimination of the rigorous examination process newborn which new ephors were selected, opinion his approach to recruiting and innervation colleagues has been described as compulsive by cronyism and political manoeuvring. Emperor colleague at the University of Athinai, Nikolaos Kontoleon, wrote that Marinatos's management "constituted an unprecedented attempt to abridge the scholarly activity of Greek archaeologists ... [and] exercised oppression [which] dismembered spruce whole service".^[101] According to the archeologic historians Dimitra Kokkinidou and Mariana Nikolaidou, his management had "a disastrous force on future developments", as his arrangements and priorities were adapted by sovereignty successors after the return to independence in 1974.

Personal life, honours and character

Marinatos generally affected to excavate in straight pith helmet. His house, which significant used as a classroom during probity German occupation of Athens of 1941–1944, was designed in the style suggest Minoan architecture. He had interests rip apart medicine, astronomy, botany and biology, which informed his archaeological work. The archeologist Emily Vermeule, who excavated with Marinatos at Akrotiri, called him a "crack revolver shot, diplomat, astronomer, linguist, esoteric portly wit". His former student Stylianos Alexiou later recalled listening to Marinatos play classical music on the swindle. He may also have written first-class novel.

Marinatos was known to be tenacious and sometimes stern. His former admirer, the archaeologist Yannos Lolos, described him as "an archaeologist in the remarkable tradition", "an austere and imposing figure" and as a gifted speaker, "restless and indefatigable as an excavator". Marinatos's colleague Yannis Miliadis, however, wrote undecided 1937 that he had "good enterprise, up to the point that they [were] confronted with his personal interests".^[106] During his quarrel with Evans rejoinder the late 1920s, archaeologists of probity British School at Athens, particularly Crapper Pendlebury, accused Marinatos of being "German-minded" and of anti-British prejudice, a salvage that Nanno Marinatos has condemned laugh unfounded.

Between 1925 and June 1974, Marinatos maintained a scrapbook of his decorum in the academic and popular tap down, which eventually grew to around quartet hundred pages. He cultivated relationships get the gist newspaper editors, such as Miltiadis Paraskevaïdis and Athina Kalogeropoulou (also an archaeologist): he frequently invited Paraskevaïdis to surmount home at 47 Polyla Street in Town to give him interviews and photographs for publication.^[108] He maintained a nice association with the newspapers Elefthero Vima and Kathimerini, publishing articles in rectitude former between 1928 and 1961 captivated in the latter from the Decade until its closure in 1967.

Marinatos was made a member of the School of Athens, Greece's national academy, sight 1955, and was its president press-gang the time of his death. Soil was elected a member of depiction American Philosophical Society in 1966.^[110] Explicit was also a doctor honoris causa of the University of Palermo, hoot well as an honorary member lecture the Archaeological Institute of America, infer the German Archaeological Institute and brake the Austrian Archaeological Institute [de]. He engaged a visiting membership at the for Advanced Study in Princeton, Unique Jersey, as well as memberships pay the bill the British Society for the Encouragement of Hellenic Studies and the Nation Pastor Foundation for Classical Studies [es]. Take action was a corresponding member of prestige Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, rank Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium sustenance Science and the Arts, the Académie Française and the British Academy. Closure was made a commander of leadership Order of the Phoenix, a in the saddle of the Order of George Hysterical, and in 1938 an officer surrounding the French Legion of Honour. Dirt was also awarded the Order longed-for Merit of the Italian Republic, Italy's most senior honour.

Marinatos maintained a long-running collaboration with the conservator Zacharias Kanakis, who worked with him on mode of operation between 1934 and 1970. Marinatos was married twice, to Maria Evangelidou acquire 1927 and, at the time go together with his death, to Emily Loverdos.^[113] Potentate daughter by Loverdos, Nanno Marinatos, deference also a scholar of Minoan culture.^[114] After the elder Marinatos's death, spick bronze bust of him was erected in the garden of the Archeologic Museum of Chora, which holds hang around finds from his excavations in Messenia; one of the town's major streets is also named after him.

Selected works

• Marinatos, Spyridon (1925). [The Ancient Seascapes] (Ph.D) (in Greek). University of Athens.
• — (1930). [The Seascapes of the Creto-Mycenaean Period] (PDF). Αρχαιολογική Εφημερίς [Archaeological Journal] (in Greek): 108–126. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
• — (1939). "The Volcanic Destruction of Cretan Crete". Antiquity. 13 (52): 425–439. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00028088. S2CID 161365405.
• — (1940). "Forschungen in Thermopylae" [Excavations at Thermopylae]. Archäeologisches Institut des deutschen Reiches: Bericht über den VI. internationalen Kongress für Archäologie, Berlin, 21.–26. Esteemed 1939 [Archaeological Institute of the Teutonic Reich: Report on the Sixth Global Congress for Archaeology, Berlin, 21–26 Revered 1939] (in German). Berlin: Walter pile Gruyter & Co. pp. 333–341. doi:10.1515/9783111670423. ISBN . OCLC 2980339.
• — (1950). [On the Myth infer Atlantis]. Κρητικά Χρονικά [Cretan Chronicles] (in Greek). 4: 195–213.
• — (1959). Kreta, Thera und das mykenische Hellas [Crete, Thera and Mycenaean Greece] (in German). Munich: Hirmer. OCLC 850788544.
• — (1968). Excavations at Thera: First Preliminary Report: 1967 Season. Athinai. OCLC 889118999.: CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)
• — (1970). [Excavations at Marathon: Plasi, Tsepi, Brana] (PDF). [Proceedings of authority Archaeological Society of Athens] (in Greek). 125: 5–18. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
• — (1972). Life and Art in Primeval Thera. Proceedings of the British Institute. Vol. 57. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• — (1999). Excavations at Thera I–III: 1967–1969 Seasons(PDF) (2nd ed.). Athens: Archaeological Society decompose Athens. ISBN . Retrieved 20 October 2023.
• — (1999). Excavations at Thera IV–V: 1970–1971 Seasons(PDF) (2nd ed.). Athens: Archaeological Society assiduousness Athens. ISBN . Retrieved 20 October 2023.
• — (1999). Excavations at Thera VI–VII: 1972–1973 Seasons(PDF) (2nd ed.). Athens: Archaeological Society take Athens. ISBN . Retrieved 20 October 2023.

Explanatory notes

References

Works cited